Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com Leon Yi-Liang Ko Fri, 15 Mar 2024 02:34:47 +0000 https://yiliangko.com en Home https://yiliangko.com/Home Thu, 11 Jul 2019 21:18:48 +0000 Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com/Home Skylight House https://yiliangko.com/Skylight-House Fri, 15 Mar 2024 02:34:47 +0000 Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com/Skylight-House Skylight House A Customized Expandable Concrete Printing House Skylight House from Yi-Liang Ko on Vimeo. <img width="914" height="1280" width_o="914" height_o="1280" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b44c7ff82eef1f55fcf7714d8fa8821d18e592bae35336f51a9954319c767560/SH_009.jpg" data-mid="206824382" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/914/i/b44c7ff82eef1f55fcf7714d8fa8821d18e592bae35336f51a9954319c767560/SH_009.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="720" width_o="1280" height_o="720" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f0a7bfd880925befc7f5441f0b1a48c86127b0d2040867a198eb35f348031f1f/SH_001.jpg" 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data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1652fb5a307b41688e0a0295013fb0a419f7c6b08b8ed743df469e717f1eba17/SH_010.jpg" data-mid="206824383" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1652fb5a307b41688e0a0295013fb0a419f7c6b08b8ed743df469e717f1eba17/SH_010.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d1abd341466f3202e91e2c1d1f9ec88db060fa1e247143e27d98c6525d6138f2/SH_011.jpg" data-mid="206824384" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d1abd341466f3202e91e2c1d1f9ec88db060fa1e247143e27d98c6525d6138f2/SH_011.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4b7c38017b6ed834c48d5e26a074a40b5e41fd0ce5a75b31ddd50c694ca68cd5/SH_012.jpg" data-mid="206824385" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4b7c38017b6ed834c48d5e26a074a40b5e41fd0ce5a75b31ddd50c694ca68cd5/SH_012.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f6ab60912dd2e93e8c4306744a506211ea7a0d698bdbe8b32a27dd5ec82c6dce/SH_013.jpg" data-mid="206824386" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/f6ab60912dd2e93e8c4306744a506211ea7a0d698bdbe8b32a27dd5ec82c6dce/SH_013.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/04fbb0ca0a96c296760727fc33cbfb17a610036d6e84e61a933d2046b24f4f9c/SH_014.jpg" data-mid="206824387" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/04fbb0ca0a96c296760727fc33cbfb17a610036d6e84e61a933d2046b24f4f9c/SH_014.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1259ecfda5c09fea7d9018d49a9ac5e7937583d45d607beac00c9b6ce31de352/SH_015.jpg" data-mid="206824388" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1259ecfda5c09fea7d9018d49a9ac5e7937583d45d607beac00c9b6ce31de352/SH_015.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a31309c86eac805e4d8ea70e3edfc3a93b465075cf12f1dbdc47b0469ab2f3ff/SH_016.jpg" data-mid="206824389" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a31309c86eac805e4d8ea70e3edfc3a93b465075cf12f1dbdc47b0469ab2f3ff/SH_016.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6c148d165f9d15bc63d45ac6874ffb54bcc959b8daf5c637a3a6e020ee4319b6/SH_006.jpg" data-mid="206824379" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/6c148d165f9d15bc63d45ac6874ffb54bcc959b8daf5c637a3a6e020ee4319b6/SH_006.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/57385827f79ebe7a132be5306a82b9cf00a48ec4a67acbc3dc3882c01eccb54f/SH_004.jpg" data-mid="206824377" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/57385827f79ebe7a132be5306a82b9cf00a48ec4a67acbc3dc3882c01eccb54f/SH_004.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/33ce41008919d0e803ac6802aa84eb8a058bfccb614f08810e533db8d5660510/SH_003.jpg" data-mid="206824375" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/33ce41008919d0e803ac6802aa84eb8a058bfccb614f08810e533db8d5660510/SH_003.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7da93b3839e782f720ac61c51f95c647e98d93a67c4dd90b66fc87d2839b09f3/SH_005.jpg" data-mid="206824378" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/7da93b3839e782f720ac61c51f95c647e98d93a67c4dd90b66fc87d2839b09f3/SH_005.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/9260cd5836ecc7f864fbd33068baf55b7c3c7ed926b7b91142d1743bf2e5236e/SH_008.jpg" data-mid="206824381" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/9260cd5836ecc7f864fbd33068baf55b7c3c7ed926b7b91142d1743bf2e5236e/SH_008.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cd165bb3dc191515f21393aab0b34f055710a4638029952d7c991c33a6b3f1f8/SH_007.jpg" data-mid="206824380" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/cd165bb3dc191515f21393aab0b34f055710a4638029952d7c991c33a6b3f1f8/SH_007.jpg" /> "Skylight House" proposes a two-floor housing design, blending an atrium and mezzanine with concrete printing technology to create customizable and expandable dwellings within space and budget constraints. Targeting 1-2 adults, the project promotes equality and diversity in affordable housing, catering to singles, couples, or 3-member households. California is chosen as a showcase, addressing its high housing costs and contributing to economic growth. year: Winter 2023 type: Digital Fabrication, Architecture Design partner: Hong-Fen Lo status: Competitionsize:&nbsp;202,000 ft2 location:&nbsp;Laguna Creek, Southern Area, Sacramento, CA Precise Imprecision https://yiliangko.com/Precise-Imprecision Thu, 11 Jul 2019 21:18:48 +0000 Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com/Precise-Imprecision Precise ImprecisionFlexible Construction with Robotic Fabric Formwork Precise Imprecision from Yi-Liang Ko on Vimeo. <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0b9ce508b1ec41e71595d55270acd98f4868fd7113c3bf538b641fef621d9773/PI_001.JPG" data-mid="46557297" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/0b9ce508b1ec41e71595d55270acd98f4868fd7113c3bf538b641fef621d9773/PI_001.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" 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data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d1b568ceb8e44d527927935324650a957e7a0c1a9c4dad7c133d835cbcfa9677/PI_016.JPG" data-mid="46557312" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d1b568ceb8e44d527927935324650a957e7a0c1a9c4dad7c133d835cbcfa9677/PI_016.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f5a4fb27c95e4d1765994af973f04a94ab730c2f0d48a7531e8b5e2a4aa296b3/PI_017.JPG" data-mid="46557314" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/f5a4fb27c95e4d1765994af973f04a94ab730c2f0d48a7531e8b5e2a4aa296b3/PI_017.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/040f6b541f0b361efcfc344acedfd9e1ee7fce4e2caa890955f286b5fbf09cf1/PI_018.jpg" data-mid="46557315" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/040f6b541f0b361efcfc344acedfd9e1ee7fce4e2caa890955f286b5fbf09cf1/PI_018.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/007fc29b3ce1224bd271eb5ecf9421189b0bdfdede2a950a4a1bb1ff6def61c7/PI_019.jpg" data-mid="46557316" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/007fc29b3ce1224bd271eb5ecf9421189b0bdfdede2a950a4a1bb1ff6def61c7/PI_019.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e2854a24b8307ab4c9f24b8ef560e38ff41a50a32d900b52fe81394f9fa5b3e9/PI_020.jpg" data-mid="46557317" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/e2854a24b8307ab4c9f24b8ef560e38ff41a50a32d900b52fe81394f9fa5b3e9/PI_020.jpg" /> Flexible Formwork On September 8, 1897, Gustav Lilienthal hung sufficiently impermeable fabric in the catenary form between the beams to build a fireproof ceiling. This invention created the first customized natural geometry during the fabrication in situ. (The Fabric Formwork Book, 2017) Flexible formwork has a difficult implementation in regular constructions, but it expands the vision of formwork via creating complex formation in statistics. For instance, in recent works by Andrew Kudless (Bodies in Formation, 2011) and Form Found Design (Mars Pavilion, 2017), flexible formwork integrates into advanced technologies among various applications. Combining thoughts of collaborating robotic assembly and the textile forming in the plaster cast on site from precedents, Precise Imprecision demonstrates a new methodology – robotic stack casting. Methodology The technique combines dynamic performance and computational configuration to create natural shapes in digital practice. Materially, flexible form-fit presents customized form from precast units environment. Parametrically, robotic assembly produces controlled data and diminishes labor-intensive manufacturing. Robotic stack casting integrates cast and construction practices simultaneously to bring out unique aesthetics and identity boundaries. The elastic form-fit pattern relates to the notions of dry-fitted Inca masonry. Compared with the measurement and carving in their ancient artifact, this flexible construction procedure accelerates the form-fit manner. Computation and Morph Grammars As an experiment, a full-scale prototype converges the similarity, transition, and contrast between the physical and digital worlds to evolve its private aggregation and numerical parameters. Based on recent work by Brandon Clifford and Wes McGee on digital Inca masonry (Cyclopean Cannibalism, 2017), different shape, volume, and order outline three roles as Base, Fill and Keystone in the fabrication. For stimulating the dual wythe of curvature to Inca masonry, the Base, Fill and Through stones are re-defined to cooperate with robotic construction and initial assembly. Fabric formwork is a combination of internal and external pressures. Converting the solid masonry into soft behavior, physical parameters between size, geometry, overlap, and arrangement influence both global and local systems. In order to digitize robotic stack casting, assembly rules and parameters generate a unique moment for drawing code which merges the deformation into the dramatic mass pattern. Fabrication In the final studies, 116 units are shaped and aggregated in an efficient workflow by two KUKA robots with the customized end effector. As a versatile technique on site, the curved wall is split into two sections to increase the overall dimension; the base track which aims to locate stones in the first layer stabilizes the structure and extends the purpose of the form-fit seat; the collaboration within robots investigates the potential of automatic adjustable construction without formwork. The prototype displays the weakness of casting efficiency from robotic manufacturing and the impossibility of concrete in stack casting, but it sets a game beyond the gap between “precision” and “imprecision” in both analog and digital processes. Precision and Imprecision The definition of accuracy bounces within the collaboration of robots and fabrics. Precise robotic assembly causes inexact placement; imprecise fabric deformation creates accurate connections. The chaotic pattern implies digital methodology and finds its position with little effort. Precise Imprecision raises the phenomenon of providing tolerance itself and breaks the stereotype that precise manufacturing and robotic fabrication are inseparable. The research outlines the potential of combining with generative coding and sensor feedback to establish an interactive, automatic building method. This autonomous behavior designs and constructs simultaneously through the process of data accumulation and revision. year: Winter 2019 type: Digital Fabrication / Material Research course: MS Capstone, Taubman College partner: Hong-Fen Lo advisor: Glenn Wilcox status: Completed size: 80” X&nbsp;80” X 40” location: Ann Arbor, MI &nbsp; AR Bending Shell https://yiliangko.com/AR-Bending-Shell Sat, 13 Jul 2019 07:30:15 +0000 Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com/AR-Bending-Shell AR Bending Shella Practice of Augmented Reality Building Process <img width="853" height="1280" width_o="853" height_o="1280" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/26a6df0a7c6f0aa3fd9a8ff895ba83e99d09fa570c9e31b119d65c490a1cc700/AR_001.JPG" data-mid="47553333" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/853/i/26a6df0a7c6f0aa3fd9a8ff895ba83e99d09fa570c9e31b119d65c490a1cc700/AR_001.JPG" /> <img width="853" height="1280" width_o="853" height_o="1280" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/055b0bc52524c36c20ddaa0286c6b2e9a2539c3b2f95269c3ef8b32c6d75bb17/AR_002.JPG" data-mid="47553334" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/853/i/055b0bc52524c36c20ddaa0286c6b2e9a2539c3b2f95269c3ef8b32c6d75bb17/AR_002.JPG" /> <img width="853" height="1280" width_o="853" height_o="1280" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/41c3e650120489fc17fe076809625c8f8798721d74f4b588739a9873b2d6c824/AR_003.JPG" data-mid="47553335" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/853/i/41c3e650120489fc17fe076809625c8f8798721d74f4b588739a9873b2d6c824/AR_003.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/68b47108f5d82d2e6050677aa1e1008b573e7964b355138f7efdcb86ebe923dc/AR_004.JPG" data-mid="47553336" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/68b47108f5d82d2e6050677aa1e1008b573e7964b355138f7efdcb86ebe923dc/AR_004.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cf4fe6699886ce0a2b836d6e67bb1118a71927d131b52fe4feb2c37c258b4e38/AR_005.jpg" data-mid="47553337" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/cf4fe6699886ce0a2b836d6e67bb1118a71927d131b52fe4feb2c37c258b4e38/AR_005.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4358c0076029413136ae794033e28a4f9fe9c90551bf783a4f013ed7d7d2f1da/AR_006.JPG" data-mid="47553338" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4358c0076029413136ae794033e28a4f9fe9c90551bf783a4f013ed7d7d2f1da/AR_006.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/552647fcea3df4b41e7630703a86f65f6c322f95b1ec966a38e198214f110862/AR_007.JPG" data-mid="47553339" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/552647fcea3df4b41e7630703a86f65f6c322f95b1ec966a38e198214f110862/AR_007.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b4f806545613f761f22eafaa8ffa51256104d9c7bdee7e23a3fd85a646e814ef/AR_008.JPG" data-mid="47553340" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/b4f806545613f761f22eafaa8ffa51256104d9c7bdee7e23a3fd85a646e814ef/AR_008.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/52be2ef4b4fa1cf6c2b177c186f84d3c5c6bd01a8f18cdee6ff0bad3771fcd05/AR_009.JPG" data-mid="47553341" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/52be2ef4b4fa1cf6c2b177c186f84d3c5c6bd01a8f18cdee6ff0bad3771fcd05/AR_009.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/af64f6ae982dba630b224f274458d1ae1cbb766997ebd5b838d5c91c86ccea65/AR_010.jpg" data-mid="47553342" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/af64f6ae982dba630b224f274458d1ae1cbb766997ebd5b838d5c91c86ccea65/AR_010.jpg" /> Augmented Reality does not only describe a method where the environment is perceivable and is overlaid with 3D information but also allows to demonstrate complex information on site. With advanced technology, architects can convey digital information to a construction crew. AR Bending Shell utilizes hologram imaging as a guide for the fabrication process of a bending-active linear shell. The Hololens is used as a means to promote a rapid and efficient technique of assembly, one that eliminates custom jigs and fixtures. In this project, the computational generation of form is directly driven and informed by physical behavior and material characteristics. Therefore, the virtual guide is necessary due to the complexity of the design pattern and the nature of the material (PEX pipe). There are three steps to build a pavilion through the AR method. Based on the material properties, the material-oriented digital model indicates information such as lengths, curvatures, and patterns of components first. Subsequently, the projected 3D design viewed through the Hololens eases the fabrication process and creates a seamless workflow between digital design and physical assemblies, such as real-time 3D simulation of the bending structure, alignment, and positioning of the individual elements, as well as real-time curvature measurements without the use of customized tools. Finally, locating 3D positions on site and erecting the flat pattern made of pipes. Through AR device, the physical model could be adjusted in real-time. This project demonstrates a practice of AR building process. year: Fall 2018 type: Digital Fabrication course: Virtual Engagement, Taubman College partner: Maryam AlJomairi, Apoorva Jalindre, Hong-Fen Lo, Shan-Chun Wenadvisor:&nbsp;Matias del Campo status: Completed size: 142” X 142” X 82.5” location: Ann Arbor, MI &nbsp; Metal Interlace https://yiliangko.com/Metal-Interlace Sat, 13 Jul 2019 14:53:54 +0000 Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com/Metal-Interlace Metal InterlaceZero-Welding Assembly Metal Interlace from Yi-Liang Ko on Vimeo. <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/17379484cc21bae47e1513f45c07dc22ecd8bbdaf2d7a4f27365526e124d446d/MI_001.jpg" data-mid="46561139" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/17379484cc21bae47e1513f45c07dc22ecd8bbdaf2d7a4f27365526e124d446d/MI_001.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a5241a1301416532a8dd8b09d13ff71f2fbb855825e964d2e7270b1724835786/MI_002.JPG" data-mid="46561140" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a5241a1301416532a8dd8b09d13ff71f2fbb855825e964d2e7270b1724835786/MI_002.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3f4ebb927f588c35d19c31448f37f0eb60c24a2589065758bfadc3aed6db26ee/MI_003.jpg" data-mid="46561141" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/3f4ebb927f588c35d19c31448f37f0eb60c24a2589065758bfadc3aed6db26ee/MI_003.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/90a90e3af8390eeb9ed7ce85e9bb6d0218285725cd8a2aac5055fb47d1f021ac/MI_004.jpg" data-mid="46561142" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/90a90e3af8390eeb9ed7ce85e9bb6d0218285725cd8a2aac5055fb47d1f021ac/MI_004.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a8a8825a9aa437eb909b922aca8957c62b822d9de7f2453d517419c9d6a7872d/MI_005.jpg" data-mid="46561143" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a8a8825a9aa437eb909b922aca8957c62b822d9de7f2453d517419c9d6a7872d/MI_005.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ec001faf81b7b982f709598d8e565da15b047a11972d97bc63dba462deef9635/MI_006.jpg" data-mid="46561144" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/ec001faf81b7b982f709598d8e565da15b047a11972d97bc63dba462deef9635/MI_006.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/672d5476b85d544a2b74aba210f2c313ae02784332bd3375592e910c4825bf72/MI_007.jpg" data-mid="46561145" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/672d5476b85d544a2b74aba210f2c313ae02784332bd3375592e910c4825bf72/MI_007.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a129bb34ba6cde0e98d1df143ec9751f91cf93e6b61ef71fde09ae9a3ab829dc/MI_008-1.jpg" data-mid="46561146" border="0" data-scale="100" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a129bb34ba6cde0e98d1df143ec9751f91cf93e6b61ef71fde09ae9a3ab829dc/MI_008-1.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/fcfb7c38aa684e8ec0562fe314e6d9e1bee6b9ea149873ec2b2f805841fbba04/MI_008-2.jpg" data-mid="46561147" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/fcfb7c38aa684e8ec0562fe314e6d9e1bee6b9ea149873ec2b2f805841fbba04/MI_008-2.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/aefe2a05c1ac4370cbc48991af08c9038d2a9f79120448b5f682fcbd342258a5/MI_008-3.jpg" data-mid="46561148" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/aefe2a05c1ac4370cbc48991af08c9038d2a9f79120448b5f682fcbd342258a5/MI_008-3.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/00f6747916b65ad64c550e873e3e0fd3cb4c4b491ba089d403151de3467e1537/MI_008-4.jpg" data-mid="46561149" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/00f6747916b65ad64c550e873e3e0fd3cb4c4b491ba089d403151de3467e1537/MI_008-4.jpg" /> The robotic rod bending process developed at the Taubman College allows a generic industrial robot to cut and bend steel rods into specific length shapes. Based on the tools above, Metal Interlace aims to develop an aggregation system without welding. Through exploring different lengths, curvatures, and angles, we create 3 types of 2D units and a specific assembly order to form 3D geometry. The main idea is utilizing hook systems to connect different units together by a series of actions such as sliding, rotating, and folding. The limitation of rod bender’s folding angle and 7-Axis Robot’s grip length constrain the geometry of each rod. Therefore, this is an experiment played between digital modeling and physical restriction back and forth. For the final piece, we created an assembly system for a foldable and continuous metal fence. year: Fall 2018 type: Digital Fabrication course: Robotic Engagement, Taubman College partner: Maryam AlJomairi, Joon Kangadvisor: Wes McGee status: Completed size: 52” X 12” X 24” location: Ann Arbor, MI &nbsp; Spatial Printing https://yiliangko.com/Spatial-Printing Sat, 13 Jul 2019 21:44:04 +0000 Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com/Spatial-Printing Spatial PrintingMesh Mold Casting Spatial Printing from Yi-Liang Ko on Vimeo. <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4cc4a8ba18296a2b3f9edf4b89c7433078b130c2daef6429f3793b612b8d0b7e/SP_001.jpg" data-mid="46580614" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4cc4a8ba18296a2b3f9edf4b89c7433078b130c2daef6429f3793b612b8d0b7e/SP_001.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7c5b3af874493fa245b35c09d8f372ae532880c977166acd9be8a16be7f18558/SP_002.JPG" data-mid="46580615" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/7c5b3af874493fa245b35c09d8f372ae532880c977166acd9be8a16be7f18558/SP_002.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c427c050bb094f79f6a1a597854c7cc23ca974b09956dcaccb2dc4687547eaa0/SP_003.JPG" data-mid="46580616" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/c427c050bb094f79f6a1a597854c7cc23ca974b09956dcaccb2dc4687547eaa0/SP_003.JPG" /> <img width="853" height="1280" width_o="853" height_o="1280" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7c5ed936e06fa011e18332468796c6a48933f144c27dbe380d11e177aced2439/SP_004.JPG" data-mid="46580617" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/853/i/7c5ed936e06fa011e18332468796c6a48933f144c27dbe380d11e177aced2439/SP_004.JPG" /> <img width="853" height="1280" width_o="853" height_o="1280" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/31c3fbee0e5dceaab6e18fb8b859f78cff3a760e2370fe41d4940dbafbecc038/SP_005.JPG" data-mid="46580618" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/853/i/31c3fbee0e5dceaab6e18fb8b859f78cff3a760e2370fe41d4940dbafbecc038/SP_005.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/62fd6a2fa90a36b01c9a2cfe478b376776fec7c6cb6bf8561bb74be121cf00d8/SP_006.jpg" data-mid="46580619" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/62fd6a2fa90a36b01c9a2cfe478b376776fec7c6cb6bf8561bb74be121cf00d8/SP_006.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6a49dc6921317e921790bd0511d977b5fa39efae5fc55683fbfb7c773ca343fb/SP_007.jpg" data-mid="46580620" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/6a49dc6921317e921790bd0511d977b5fa39efae5fc55683fbfb7c773ca343fb/SP_007.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/9a637484c91873a155b67553a1976ea7679baa1bcef42ed13914e1e81835033a/SP_008-1.jpg" data-mid="46580621" border="0" data-scale="100" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/9a637484c91873a155b67553a1976ea7679baa1bcef42ed13914e1e81835033a/SP_008-1.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c45481f73a4aee566950714b9ea166141e5a745da5ade12ceefcad61e4ed4140/SP_008-2.JPG" data-mid="46580622" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/c45481f73a4aee566950714b9ea166141e5a745da5ade12ceefcad61e4ed4140/SP_008-2.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/57de306077409ccd42f17cebc02224c2df6c8e6d3cd03d7049f09f2a53759b6e/SP_008-3.jpg" data-mid="46580623" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/57de306077409ccd42f17cebc02224c2df6c8e6d3cd03d7049f09f2a53759b6e/SP_008-3.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b7b7f7b507feadc24565c48002297439cf724fc6490d6d3923ed39966d30ab1d/SP_008-4.jpg" data-mid="46580625" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/b7b7f7b507feadc24565c48002297439cf724fc6490d6d3923ed39966d30ab1d/SP_008-4.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c7cf1b74152f1b62c5786d1f1cae14e068f15c89b612c5f6dd7a58958c91db2f/SP_009-1.jpg" data-mid="46580626" border="0" data-scale="100" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/c7cf1b74152f1b62c5786d1f1cae14e068f15c89b612c5f6dd7a58958c91db2f/SP_009-1.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2d0c05c2a1f1c286d3be1bac16b08e4247eeae61773117f8cafefa53e9ccf67e/SP_009-2.jpg" data-mid="46580627" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/2d0c05c2a1f1c286d3be1bac16b08e4247eeae61773117f8cafefa53e9ccf67e/SP_009-2.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6c2f52c583ea724015fa94eb9d3a0b058d8a5afb086a70bfd5290f236a25bdc7/SP_009-3.jpg" data-mid="46580628" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/6c2f52c583ea724015fa94eb9d3a0b058d8a5afb086a70bfd5290f236a25bdc7/SP_009-3.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2d7d87a11dad3cb13c77cf576d56a544797dce183ebdf7748c73960914bcba57/SP_009-4.jpg" data-mid="46580629" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/2d7d87a11dad3cb13c77cf576d56a544797dce183ebdf7748c73960914bcba57/SP_009-4.jpg" /> Spatial Printing aims to investigate parameters of the extrusion process through KUKA 7-Axis Robot. This extremely delicate process is involved in many factors. Besides comprehend the basis of operating robots, designers should be aware of material properties and the deviation between computational design and physical fabrication. There are three main areas would affect the result. The first one is geometry design. The final shape is a compromise between the tool end size and the carbon fiber properties. Another is toolpath. To keep the extrusion process smoothly, a continuous toolpath is generated through reorganizing points data and assign overlapping range. In addition to the factors mentioned above, the final one is end-effector. Through adjusting velocity and temperature, all parameters should correspond to geometry and toolpath. After printing, the mesh mold could catch the concrete without any formwork directly. year: Fall 2018 type: Digital Fabrication&nbsp; / Material Research course: Robotic Engagement, Taubman College partner: Hong-Fen Lo advisor: Wes McGee status: Completed size: 36cm X 6cm&nbsp;X 20cm ; 24cm X 10cm X 12cm&nbsp; location: Ann Arbor, MI &nbsp; 3D Tiling https://yiliangko.com/3D-Tiling Sat, 13 Jul 2019 23:02:35 +0000 Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com/3D-Tiling 3D TilingPolystyrene Vacuum Forming <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/dd350ffdf7523cdbff9e36adcb6d64682f1f50230558052fb58a7caeac08a04c/3T_001.jpg" data-mid="46582525" border="0" data-scale="67" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/dd350ffdf7523cdbff9e36adcb6d64682f1f50230558052fb58a7caeac08a04c/3T_001.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" 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width_o="853" height_o="1280" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4c9de8da43c7da203ab70f99a387a6fb9ef7b304f3b3bb99727530d9daca5cab/3T_013-5.jpg" data-mid="46582556" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/853/i/4c9de8da43c7da203ab70f99a387a6fb9ef7b304f3b3bb99727530d9daca5cab/3T_013-5.jpg" /> <img width="853" height="1280" width_o="853" height_o="1280" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b64bdb667cf07e74af699d61599bed361978e598c813329860df0c65fba8361c/3T_013-6.jpg" data-mid="46582557" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/853/i/b64bdb667cf07e74af699d61599bed361978e598c813329860df0c65fba8361c/3T_013-6.jpg" /> 3D Tiling aims to develop a 3D tile or series of tiles that aggregate to create a complete 3D surface. How to create a complicated surface through an efficient way is the goal of this project. To achieve multiple patterns and maximize efficiency, we created an identical unit which could be arranged in four different directions. Through combining CNC Router and vacuum machine, we contrived a workflow of production unit molds. Because the unit is identical, we only need one CNC-milled positive MDF unit. With vacuum machine, we could get vacuum-formed molds as many as we can. Through arranging in a different orientation, we could achieve 16 different continuous patterns between two units. Additionally, a lightweight unit could be achieved by integrating Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC). Therefore, this module system provides not only an efficient production process but also a practical assembly methodology. year: Fall 2018 type: Digital Fabrication&nbsp; / Material Research course: Material Engagement, Taubman College partner: Shan-Chun Wen advisor: Glenn Wilcox status: Completed size: 12” X 12” X 3” location: Ann Arbor, MI &nbsp; Textile Hybrid Structure https://yiliangko.com/Textile-Hybrid-Structure Mon, 15 Jul 2019 03:23:38 +0000 Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com/Textile-Hybrid-Structure Textile Hybrid StructureBending Active and Tensile Membrane <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/35a4ccef37ae22fa44dda025fb4210981a0ec62a0e8eee4cb6c6bcc50207ce76/THS_001.JPG" data-mid="46644757" border="0" data-scale="67" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/35a4ccef37ae22fa44dda025fb4210981a0ec62a0e8eee4cb6c6bcc50207ce76/THS_001.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" 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width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1af3d9ae58fd2f81c48fa1f51e4ab73e9e3c19f2eda27aaebfa1ef3e85808147/THS_005.jpg" data-mid="46644761" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1af3d9ae58fd2f81c48fa1f51e4ab73e9e3c19f2eda27aaebfa1ef3e85808147/THS_005.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5660530c0d6ad64fe62e9b8e9ea8f5898e96501b84c916c36537ea29c22c605c/THS_006-1.jpg" data-mid="46644762" border="0" data-scale="100" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/5660530c0d6ad64fe62e9b8e9ea8f5898e96501b84c916c36537ea29c22c605c/THS_006-1.jpg" /> <img width="472" height="854" width_o="472" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/afd60e47d2f094d3a31e20775d3cea9ba853dec98d0d45e696cab22bf9a55526/THS_006-2.jpg" data-mid="46644763" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/472/i/afd60e47d2f094d3a31e20775d3cea9ba853dec98d0d45e696cab22bf9a55526/THS_006-2.jpg" /> <img width="582" height="854" width_o="582" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/02943adbb7c1eedbf4da813b41ab2ed0d9a078342470ec42b67c53300b573da8/THS_006-3.jpg" data-mid="46644764" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/582/i/02943adbb7c1eedbf4da813b41ab2ed0d9a078342470ec42b67c53300b573da8/THS_006-3.jpg" /> <img width="353" height="854" width_o="353" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/82cf59aba9ca2344876f5e8c76ad1914c98158f7fb5c694711eca7be5cb9dd41/THS_006-4.jpg" data-mid="46644765" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/353/i/82cf59aba9ca2344876f5e8c76ad1914c98158f7fb5c694711eca7be5cb9dd41/THS_006-4.jpg" /> <img width="588" height="854" width_o="588" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b2df44d29f39a2a2d49aacdba046219234d126d8533807456a6ef96646fd03b1/THS_006-5.jpg" data-mid="46644766" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/588/i/b2df44d29f39a2a2d49aacdba046219234d126d8533807456a6ef96646fd03b1/THS_006-5.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d5f51a20958105c9e234f411dde2603f9a8fcd8fcdd9f403b1c6a42c655db62d/THS_007-1.jpg" data-mid="46644767" border="0" data-scale="100" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d5f51a20958105c9e234f411dde2603f9a8fcd8fcdd9f403b1c6a42c655db62d/THS_007-1.jpg" /> <img width="643" height="854" width_o="643" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d851e9d2ef7a923fc6b20b853070a86fb6478856eb5d285b77ec91a9f23b28a1/THS_007-2.jpg" data-mid="46644768" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/643/i/d851e9d2ef7a923fc6b20b853070a86fb6478856eb5d285b77ec91a9f23b28a1/THS_007-2.jpg" /> <img width="722" height="854" width_o="722" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/bffa0f552a62ade64c44d7191046bbaa2a927673b5ab590063a8db532b0f4dc2/THS_007-3.jpg" data-mid="46644769" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/722/i/bffa0f552a62ade64c44d7191046bbaa2a927673b5ab590063a8db532b0f4dc2/THS_007-3.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0d9a5f1b3fee5e07a157daa0f6d286d792386de075b847d802331b4847ebf99b/THS_007-4.jpg" data-mid="46644770" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/0d9a5f1b3fee5e07a157daa0f6d286d792386de075b847d802331b4847ebf99b/THS_007-4.jpg" /> This project investigates modes of computational design which place materiality as an a-priori agent in the generation of complex structural morphologies. In order to explore the relationships of material and form, we engage methods of form-finding through both physical prototyping and computational simulation. Therefore, to comprehend the workflow of Knitted Textile Structure, we were divided into 3 groups: (1) Digital Modeling, (2) Boundary, and (3) Knitting Group. As a member of Knitting Group, there are four main topics to explore: (1) The relationship between stitch patterns and resulting forms, (2) The different performance between Nylastic and monofilament, (3) How to translate stitch patterns into Bitmap. (4) To understand the operating principle of the CNC Knitting Machine. year: Fall 2018 type: Digital Fabrication&nbsp; / Material Research course: System Engagement, Taubman College knitting group : Yi-Liang Ko, Maryam AlJomairi, Misri Petel, Shan-Chun Wen modeling group: Mohammadmin Aghagholizadehsayar, Lucas Denit, Joon Kang, Abhishek Shinde boundary group: Mike Foster, Hong-Fen Lo, Isabel Newton, Hana Nguyenky, Maria Redouteyadvisor: Sean Ahlquist status: Completed size: 110” X 100” X 81.5” location: Ann Arbor, MI &nbsp; Light Leak https://yiliangko.com/Light-Leak Mon, 15 Jul 2019 04:36:30 +0000 Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com/Light-Leak Light Leaka Lamp Design&nbsp; <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ddf77cd3fbe99b89c0a439c8a94df84db2720df4dc30e7c1a04310da2bd84b09/LL_001.jpg" data-mid="46643538" border="0" data-scale="67" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/ddf77cd3fbe99b89c0a439c8a94df84db2720df4dc30e7c1a04310da2bd84b09/LL_001.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/71b900c9d5130fdf9d5acb072d4da67fbcbf3e18781e6bd3c45c8cc5f4d9bd39/LL_002.jpg" data-mid="46643539" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/71b900c9d5130fdf9d5acb072d4da67fbcbf3e18781e6bd3c45c8cc5f4d9bd39/LL_002.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8143d56256ca9dae0a8b60bccdd086cf0f148d47a79c9ab6f2bb5333513c8161/LL_003.jpg" data-mid="46643540" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8143d56256ca9dae0a8b60bccdd086cf0f148d47a79c9ab6f2bb5333513c8161/LL_003.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5701ae1d1b21a1c5345bf2e9bd356460eefafcc11c94471ad9266f58b179be01/LL_004.jpg" data-mid="46643541" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/5701ae1d1b21a1c5345bf2e9bd356460eefafcc11c94471ad9266f58b179be01/LL_004.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/346975adb58902cd83fd45fb9f4a3bb1c230000f13dab16eb850e7aef95801bf/LL_005.jpg" data-mid="46643542" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/346975adb58902cd83fd45fb9f4a3bb1c230000f13dab16eb850e7aef95801bf/LL_005.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/104425f6db639a5cf9351444e4f1e4cc1aa4f97bb37187d83ca920e2a07ded94/LL_006.jpg" data-mid="46643543" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/104425f6db639a5cf9351444e4f1e4cc1aa4f97bb37187d83ca920e2a07ded94/LL_006.jpg" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4461cfa3b36ae644c65180432e867a322a13d174044ee822dee330d86848678b/LL_007-1.JPG" data-mid="46643544" border="0" data-scale="100" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4461cfa3b36ae644c65180432e867a322a13d174044ee822dee330d86848678b/LL_007-1.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f1b4966ea8cff6e75246678451b9ada69d806f022e7c45f97b5d7749de2caebe/LL_007-2.JPG" data-mid="46643545" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/f1b4966ea8cff6e75246678451b9ada69d806f022e7c45f97b5d7749de2caebe/LL_007-2.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/410c022ed9dc61f1eea5474eef6e5b24967dfafb01290ebbd8aa41755c4ebf0f/LL_007-3.JPG" data-mid="46643546" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/410c022ed9dc61f1eea5474eef6e5b24967dfafb01290ebbd8aa41755c4ebf0f/LL_007-3.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="853" width_o="1280" height_o="853" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1efd54b1a7a7436cee0cf751d91417f9ba85cfc9496c4018da1b84f366e3ef97/LL_007-4.jpg" data-mid="46643547" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1efd54b1a7a7436cee0cf751d91417f9ba85cfc9496c4018da1b84f366e3ef97/LL_007-4.jpg" /> This project aims to transform 2D cuts into 3D maneuvers. With the Zund as the primary machine, we will cut thin paper forms which can be assembled to encase the bulb and socket. The relationship between the cut pattern and its aggregated logic will be the key to interact with light. Based on the statement above, I try to design a 2D pattern which can be folded into 3D form by itself. In this case I want to create an intricate unit through a simple assembled way. By scale change, even the profile of units are same, the units still can be formed into a complicate shape. According to the definition of mathematical geometry, we can assemble a polyhedron by regular faces. In geometry, a regular icosahedron is a convex polyhedron with 20 equilateral triangles. Therefore, I design the three-petal units to form a sphere lamp. With the zip tie as the joint, it provides not only an orderly and simply assembling way but intricate feature of the lamp. Through the tessellation of units, the effect between light and shadow is fascinating and unpredictable. year: Summer 2018 type: Digital Fabrication&nbsp; / Material Research course: MS Practicum, Taubman College advisor: Catie Newell, Asa Peller status: Completed size: 40cm X 40cm &nbsp;X 50cm&nbsp; location: Ann Arbor, MI &nbsp; by Layers https://yiliangko.com/by-Layers Mon, 15 Jul 2019 05:27:47 +0000 Leon Yi-Liang Ko https://yiliangko.com/by-Layers by Layersan Investigation of Additive Process&nbsp; <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4d55051662b10c0024d01996a7fb1c771cd60ab0c122839cca8aebf106f43c38/BL_001.JPG" data-mid="46644812" border="0" data-scale="67" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4d55051662b10c0024d01996a7fb1c771cd60ab0c122839cca8aebf106f43c38/BL_001.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c3e90fcf7d6f7016a6378c3353ac528cc16335d7e5464e48f89bd1ce19d0b2be/BL_002.JPG" data-mid="46644813" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/c3e90fcf7d6f7016a6378c3353ac528cc16335d7e5464e48f89bd1ce19d0b2be/BL_002.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/43927c61fadc99808e86f3a475a1dd95fe5e33da9894d6291eba3363e6d77644/BL_003.JPG" data-mid="46644814" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/43927c61fadc99808e86f3a475a1dd95fe5e33da9894d6291eba3363e6d77644/BL_003.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8b93488355b899770e9371209b1388f843c4c8d318a6a7cf2360a3ea6f6352d5/BL_004.JPG" data-mid="46644815" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8b93488355b899770e9371209b1388f843c4c8d318a6a7cf2360a3ea6f6352d5/BL_004.JPG" /> <img width="853" height="1280" width_o="853" height_o="1280" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/558e0f36dd937dfcba8c171c52f113a641e60f176107afa3b236fb23b57de5c7/BL_005.JPG" data-mid="46644816" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/853/i/558e0f36dd937dfcba8c171c52f113a641e60f176107afa3b236fb23b57de5c7/BL_005.JPG" /> <img width="853" height="1280" width_o="853" height_o="1280" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e4609282f9f9fe557ba33fe3f848d9bd5768e2b191086bbc9f5fb61dffb38502/BL_006.JPG" data-mid="46644817" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/853/i/e4609282f9f9fe557ba33fe3f848d9bd5768e2b191086bbc9f5fb61dffb38502/BL_006.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ff84e4a346eed161de604a137a58d55d5f1bada4bff12369fdf6347a75a8bed8/BL_007.JPG" data-mid="46644818" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/ff84e4a346eed161de604a137a58d55d5f1bada4bff12369fdf6347a75a8bed8/BL_007.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cdcb1bd24024fc1f13c6b7f054414823fd28fe4495a354182b951dd59e293f84/BL_008.JPG" data-mid="46644819" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/cdcb1bd24024fc1f13c6b7f054414823fd28fe4495a354182b951dd59e293f84/BL_008.JPG" /> <img width="1280" height="854" width_o="1280" height_o="854" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/47b58b9732b987b3050b636d4885faa4de0b7356e8a7e246c208dd1ae5571008/BL_009.JPG" data-mid="46644820" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/47b58b9732b987b3050b636d4885faa4de0b7356e8a7e246c208dd1ae5571008/BL_009.JPG" /> This project aims to investigate additive processes which alter form and material attributes through deposition techniques. With the small Kuka robot as the primary machine, we move from 2D operations into 3D processes. The goal is not only considering tool path but coordinating change in material attributes. Therefore, the sequence of building, as well as the timing and switch in the material composition are important factors in this project. According to the statement above, I try to create an intricate path for the extruder. By the fractal algorithm, I produce a set of fractal polygons, then rotate them with different angles. Finally, through loft operation, I can get a vessel with numerous folding surfaces. Based on this form, the tool path will be produced by continuous contouring. For the purpose of achieving the relationship between opacity and translucency, shifting materials is a necessary method. The material deposition will together create patterns. Utilizing two kinds of PETG: clear and black, the feature of surfaces could be showed obviously. In order to create a gradient from clear to black, I segment the black PETG into many small pieces and insert them into the extruder orderly. When the clear ones are still in the extruder, the black segments will blend with them together. It results in different shades of black and translucent purple. Because of material attributes, the effect of light and shadow is fascinating. Through the folding surface, the light will be refracted into different colors. This effect is just like the light gleams from cosmos or aurora. year: Summer 2018 type: Digital Fabrication&nbsp; / Material Research course: MS Practicum, Taubman College advisor: Catie Newell, Asa Peller status: Completed size: 25cm X 25cm &nbsp;X 25cm&nbsp; location: Ann Arbor, MI &nbsp;